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- NATION, Page 40Sources of the Strongman's Strength
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- Noriega's ability to hang on in the face of fierce opposition
- from the U.S. stems mainly from his tactic of buying or winning the
- support of a handful of key officers within the military. He has
- convinced some leaders of the 17,000-strong Panama Defense Forces
- of two dubious propositions: first, that the country's political
- opposition will eviscerate the PDF if it comes to power; second,
- that he alone represents the military's best interests. The
- soldiers, says a foreign diplomat, "view Noriega as the keystone
- in an arch; without him the arch will crumble."
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- The general also has a significant civilian power base among
- Panama's nonwhite majority. It stems from his image as the
- protector of la revolucion, the shift in political power led by
- Omar Torrijos Herrera, who seized control of the military in a coup
- 21 years ago. A cholo (a Spanish-American Indian), Torrijos gave
- fellow cholos, blacks, Chinese and other nonwhites new influence,
- both within the military and in the government. This broke the
- traditional monopoly held by the country's wealthy class of
- European descendants.
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- Under Torrijos, the Democratic Revolutionary Party (P.R.D.)
- became a vehicle through which once powerless nonwhites exerted new
- political influence. The party, in turn, benefited from its tight
- relationship with the PDF, which dispensed patronage favors. Thus,
- when the U.S. demands Noriega's resignation, it steps into Panama's
- complex mix of race and class politics. "This is a battle that is
- much larger than Noriega," says a senior official of the P.R.D.
- "Bush's people say they have no quarrel with the military. The
- problem is that the old-line oligarchs would use Noriega's
- expulsion as a chance to take back what they lost. This is what
- makes this a war for us."
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- Within the military, Noriega too has played the race issue
- shrewdly, promoting nonwhite officers and giving the predominantly
- nonwhite enlisted ranks new perks. He has traditionally stocked the
- post exchanges with ample and affordable consumer goods and
- protected the pay of enlisted men against U.S. economic sanctions.
- But as the angry general now wreaks revenge on his military foes,
- he runs the danger of straining the old loyalties. The distrust,
- hatred and fear injected into the army are a potentially
- combustible mix.
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